Toni 3 z'amapine atatu y'amashanyarazi yagenewe by'umwihariko gucukura amabuye y'agaciro

Ibisobanuro by'igicuruzwa:

Intangiriro ku magare atatu y'amashanyarazi yo gucukura: Amagare atatu y'amashanyarazi yo gucukura afite moteri zikoresha uburoso bwinshi,bateri zitagira ubwishingizi, n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kuzamuka. Kandi ishyiraho sisitemu yo kwipakurura amashanyarazi. Mu gihe ibiciro bya peteroli bizamuka cyane kandi iteza imbere cyane ubukungu burimo karuboni nke, ni igikoresho cyiza cyo gutwara ibikoresho byinshi mu nganda, mu birombe, mu mihanda, mu bwubatsi bwa gari ya moshi, n'ahandi.

Ibiranga ubucukuzi bw'imodoka nini zikoresha amashanyarazi:

1. Ikinyabiziga gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nko gusubiza inyuma mu buryo bwikora, gusharija mu buryo bw'ubwenge, kuzimya feri, kurinda umuriro mwinshi no kurinda ubudashyuha;

2. Igikorwa cyoroshye cyane kandi gutwara imodoka ni umutekano kandi ni ukwizewe;

3. Nta rusaku, nta ngufu zikoreshwa cyane, kandi nta ngaruka zigaragara;

4. Gukoresha bateri zabugenewe, imikorere ya moteri ni yizewe, ifite umutekano kandi iramba;

5. Ifite akazi ko kuzimya feri.

Igare ryacu rikoresha amashanyarazi rigizwe n'amapine atatu ryamenyekanye n'abakiriya baturutse mu bihugu birenga 20 birimo Peru, Boliviya, Brezili, Kolombiya, Ekwateri n'ibindi. Turi uruganda rw'umwuga rukora ibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye, harimo amapine atatu y'amashanyarazi, amakamyo mato atwara imyanda, n'amashanyarazi aterura no kujugunya ibicuruzwa. Igicuruzwa cyacu cy'ingenzi, amapine atatu y'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu mabuye y'agaciro, gikoreshwa cyane mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, kubaka imihanda, inganda z'amatafari, n'ahandi, ndetse gishobora no gukoreshwa no mu zindi nzego. Iri gare rikoresha amashanyarazi rigizwe n'amapine atatu ryavuguruwe kenshi kandi rifite ibyiza byo gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, gukora igihe kirekire, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutwara imizigo, no kuba rikwiriye imihanda itandukanye. Dutanga ubwoko butandukanye bw'amapine atatu y'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu mabuye y'agaciro ushobora guhitamo, kandi umuyobozi wacu w'ibicuruzwa ashobora kuguha ubwoko bukwiye bitewe n'ibyo ukeneye.

Akamaro:

1. Inzira yo gukurura amazi: ikoreshwa ry'inzira yo gukurura amazi mu buryo bwikora, byoroshye kandi byihuse.

2. Bateri: Ifite umutekano, itwara igihe kirekire, ikoresha ingufu nke.

3. Ipine: Rubber nziza cyane, ifata neza, iraramba kandi irakomeye.

4. Imiterere y'umubiri: Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira, ryizewe kandi ryizewe.

Ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa:

Amashusho y'ibicuruzwa:

Ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa:

 Ikoreshwa cyane: ishobora gukoreshwa mu birombe, mu bubiko, mu nganda, mu bwubatsi, mu bwubatsi bw'imihanda, n'ibindi.

Kanda kugira ngo wohereze ikibazo kugira ngo ubone igiciro gishya cy'igicuruzwa mu minota 30

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa:

1. Ibiciro byawe bigereranywa bite n'ibyakozwe n'uruganda/inganda?

Turi abakwirakwiza cyane inganda/inganda zikomeye z’ubwubatsi mu Bushinwa kandi dukomeje kubona ibiciro byiza by’abaguzi. Ukurikije igereranya n’ibitekerezo by’abakiriya benshi, igiciro cyacu kiraruta cyane igiciro cy’uruganda/uruganda.

2. Igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa kimeze gite?

Muri rusange, dushobora kugeza imashini zisanzwe ku bakiriya bacu ako kanya mu minsi 7, kuko dufite uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura imashini zibikwa, mu gihugu no mu gihugu hose, no kwakira imashini ku gihe. Ariko bifata iminsi irenga 30 kugira ngo uruganda/uruganda rukore imashini itumiza.

3. Ni kangahe ushobora gusubiza ibibazo by'abakiriya?

Itsinda ryacu rigizwe n'itsinda ry'abantu bakora cyane kandi bakomeye bakora amasaha yose kugira ngo basubize ibibazo n'ibibazo by'abakiriya. Ibibazo byinshi bishobora gukemurwa neza mu masaha 8, mu gihe abakora/inganda bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo basubize.

4. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kwishyura ushobora kwemera?

Ubusanzwe dushobora gukoresha kohereza amafaranga ku buntu cyangwa ibaruwa y'inguzanyo, ndetse rimwe na rimwe na DP. (1) Kohereza amafaranga ku buntu, 30% by'amafaranga yo kubitsa mbere y'igihe, 70% by'amafaranga asigaye yishyurwa mbere yo koherezwa, abakiriya b'ubufatanye bw'igihe kirekire bashobora kwerekana kopi y'inyandiko y'umwimerere y'ubwishyu. (2) Ibaruwa y'inguzanyo, ibaruwa y'inguzanyo idasubirwaho 100% idafite "amasezerano yoroheje" iturutse muri banki zemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga irashobora kwemerwa. Nyamuneka shaka inama ku muyobozi w'ubucuruzi mukorana.

5. Ni izihe ngingo ziri muri Incoterms 2010 ushobora gukoresha?

Turi abakinnyi mpuzamahanga b'abahanga kandi bakuze kandi dushobora gukorana na INCOTERMS zose za 2010, dusanzwe dukorana ku bihe bisanzwe nka FOB, CFR, CIF, CIP, DAP.

6. Ibiciro byawe bimara igihe kingana iki?

Turi abatanga ibicuruzwa boroheje kandi b’inshuti, ntabwo twigera duharanira inyungu. Ibiciro byacu bihora bihindagurika cyane mu mwaka wose. Tuzahindura igiciro dukurikije ibi bikurikira: (1) Igipimo cy’ivunjisha rya USD: Dukurikije igipimo cy’ivunjisha mpuzamahanga, igipimo cy’ivunjisha rya RMB kiratandukanye cyane; (2) Uruganda/uruganda rwahinduye igiciro cy’imashini bitewe n’izamuka ry’ikiguzi cy’abakozi cyangwa ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho fatizo.

7. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gutwara ibintu ushobora gukoresha mu kohereza ibicuruzwa?

Dushobora gutwara imashini z'ubwubatsi hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara. (1) 80% by'ubwikorezi bwacu buzaba bunyura mu nyanja, bugera ku migabane yose minini nka Afurika, Amerika y'Epfo, Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati. (2) Ibihugu bituranye n'Ubushinwa, nka Uburusiya, Mongoliya, Kazakisitani, Kirigizisitani, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turukimenisitani, n'ibindi, bishobora gutwara hakoreshejwe umuhanda cyangwa gari ya moshi. (3) Ku bikoresho byoroheje bikenewe byihutirwa, dushobora gutanga serivisi mpuzamahanga zoroshye, nka DHL, TNT, UPS, FedEx, nibindi.