Iterambere ry'imashini icukura amabuye: Inzira ya XIANGHE SHENLI igana ku mwanya w'ubuyobozi ku isi

• Igihe cy'igerageza ry'imitsi n'umwuka wo mu ntangiriro

Igerageza rya mbere nyaryo ryo gusimbuza imashini zikoresha intoki ryabaye mu ntangiriro y’Impinduramatwara y’Inganda, ubwo havumburwaga imashini zikoresha umwuka ushyushye. Nubwo moteri zikoresha umwuka zihindura inganda na gari ya moshi, zari inzozi mbi cyane munsi y’ubutaka. Zatangaga ubushyuhe bwinshi, amazi ashyushye yamenetse hirya no hino, kandi zasabaga imiyoboro igoye yari iteje akaga cyane kandi idashoboka mu miyoboro y’amazi ifunze.

 

•Ihinduka ry'Ingufu z'Impeshyi Zifunze

Iterambere nyaryo ryahinduye ibintu ryaje hagati mu kinyejana cya 19 ubwo injeniyeri yabonaga ko umwuka ufunze ari wo vuta rikwiye ku bidukikije biri munsi y'ubutaka. Ibi byatumye habaho ikorwa rya mbere ry'ukuriUmwobo w'amabuye ukoreshwa mu byuma bicukura amabuye hakoreshejwe umuyagaAho gukoresha amabati aremereye, compressor yo hejuru y’ubutaka yatangaga umwuka ushyushye unyuze mu miyoboro, yakonjeshaga umuyoboro w’amazi kandi ikazanira abakozi umwuka mwiza. Bakoresheje uburyo bwihariye bwo gushyira icyuma gishyushya icyuma mu cyerekezo kugira ngo batere pisitoni imbere mu cyuma gicukura icyuma kizenguruka, abakora muri icyo gikorwa bashoboye kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu buryo bwinjira mu buryo bw’imiterere y’icyuma. Iki gihe cyabaye icyiciro cya mbere cyo gucukura amabuye mu nganda, bahindura imiterere y’icyuma.Umutobe wo gucuranga amajwigushyiraho ibikenewe mu rwego rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ku isi no kubishyira mu bikorwa nk'ingenziGucukura amabuye y'agaciroigikoresho.

 

•Gutsinda amakosa yo mu mitsi yo mu gihe cya mbere

Ariko, iyi miterere ya mbere y’umwuka yari izwiho gukomera no kugorana kuyifata. Yari inyamaswa nini cyane z’icyuma ziremereye zitagiraga uburyo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko w’imbere mu kirere, bivuze ko imashini yanyeganyezaga umukoresha cyane nk’uko yakubise ibuye. Ikirushijeho kuba kibi ni uko izo verisiyo za mbere zakoreshaga uburyo bwo "gucukura byumye" bwakururaga ibicu by’umukungugu wa silica w’uburozi, bigatuma akazi ko mu miyoboro y’amazi kagira ingaruka mbi cyane. Byongeye kandi, valve za mekanike zari zoroshye; zakundaga kuziba imyanda cyangwa zigakonja bitewe n’ubushuhe bw’umwuka bwari bwiyongeraga. Abakoreshaga hasi ntibitaga ku bishushanyo mbonera by’ubuhanga bya tekiniki iyo ibikoresho biremereye byakomezaga kutubangamira hagati mu gihe cy’impinduka zikomeye.

 

•Udushya n'Ivugurura rya Nyuma y'Ubuvumbuzi

Uku gushyamirana mu mikorere kwateje udushya twinshi nyuma gato y’uko imashini icukura amabuye igaragaye ku isoko. Abakora bamenye ko ingufu z’amashanyarazi ntacyo bivuze iyo hatabayeho kwizera. Agashya ka mbere gakomeye nyuma y’ubuvumbuzi ni uguhuza imiyoboro y’amazi imbere mu nzu. Mu gusunika amazi anyuze hagati mu cyuma cy’ubucukuzi buto kugeza ku gice cyo gukata, "gucukura amazi" byahagaritse burundu ibicu by’umukungugu biteje akaga kandi bisohora uduce tw’amabuye mu gihe nyacyo, bibuza uduce tw’ubucukuzi gufunga.

Hakurikiyeho impinduka kuva ku dusanduku tw’ingufu zo hanze tunini tujya ku buryo bworoshye kandi buhuriweho bwo gukwirakwiza umwuka imbere. Injeniyeri zanonosoye uburyo bwo kuzunguruka bw’imbunda zikora ku buryo bwikora, bivuze ko igice cyo gucukura cyazungurukaga gato kuri buri kimwe gikubise nta moteri ikeneye. Banasimbuje icyuma gishyushye gikoreshwa mu gucukura imashini zikozwe mu bushyuhe, bagabanya uburemere cyane mu gihe bongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka. Iterambere ryavuye ku bikoresho by’ibanze kandi bidafite aho bihuriye rijya ku bikoresho binonosoye cyane aho ikoreshwa ry’umwuka, icyuma gishyuha cya piston, n’umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka byari bingana neza kugira ngo bigabanye igihe cyo gukora.

 

Gutunganya Ingano y'Ingaruka n'Ubwiringiro

Uko imishinga yo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro yagendaga iva mu byobo bifunguye ijya mu miyoboro miremire yo munsi y’ubutaka, imiterere y’imikorere yaIbikoresho byo gucukura amabuyeByarushijeho kuba bibi cyane. Mu mwobo cyangwa mu mwobo munini w’ibirombe, gucika kw'ibikoresho si ikintu cyoroshye gusa kuri raporo y'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga; bihagarika imikorere yose y'ibirori kandi bigahungabanya umutekano w'abakozi. Ibi byatumye inganda zijya mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'impinduka zibanda cyane ku bumenyi bw'ibikoresho n'imikorere y'imbere mu kigo.

Ahantu hagezweho ho gukora inganda hakenera imashini zitanga ingufu zikomeye cyane zitarimo kwivanga. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, imashini zigezwehoIcukura ry'amabuyeByagombaga guhuza ibyuma byihariye bya alloy bishobora gukurura amamiriyoni y’ibitero bya kinetic bya frequency high-frequency kuri buri shift. Urugero, imyitozo yo mu bwoko bwa YT27, YT28, na YT29A yubatswe kugira ngo ikemure ibibazo byagaragaraga mu miterere ya mbere. Mu kunoza sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza umwuka imbere, izi mashini zagumanye imbaraga zihamye zo gucuranga ndetse n’igihe umuvuduko w’umwuka wo mu karere wahindukaga aho akazi kakorerwaga.

Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry'ibikoresho byihariye byo gushyigikira, nk'ibyuma bicukura umwuka bikomeye nka TPB40 na TPB90, byagaragaje ko gusenya amabuye bisaba uburyo butandukanye. Ahantu hashobora kwishingikiriza ku buryo bumwe; hakenewe ibikoresho byuzuzanya by'inkoni, imashini zicukura amabuye, na compressors z'umwuka zihamye zikorana. Binyuze mu kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa silindiri na piston, abatanga ibikoresho ba none bashoboye kugabanya igipimo cyo kwangirika imbere, biyemeza ko imashini ziremereye zishobora gukora igihe kirekire zidatakaza imbaraga cyangwa ngo zisaba gusimbuza ibice byihutirwa buri gihe.