Kugabanya Ikiguzi ku Masoko ya Afurika: Gukoresha Serivisi Ikomeye ku Isi y'Ibikoresho by'Ubucukuzi bw'Amabuye y'Agaciro mu Bushinwa

Kugira ngo urwego rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri Afurika rugere ku musaruro mwiza, bisaba kurenza igiciro cya mbere cy'ifatizo no gukora isuzuma ryimbitse ry'ibiciro.Igiciro cyose cy'umutungo (TCO).Mu bibanza byo gucukuramo ibikoresho bya kure, umutwaro nyakuri w'imari y'imashini ugenwa n'ibintu by'igihe kirekire: amafaranga y'ibanze akoreshwa mu bikorwa (CapEx), amafaranga akoreshwa mu bikorwa (OpEx), ingano y'ibikoresho bya lisansi cyangwa amashanyarazi, aho ibice byangiritse biboneka, ndetse n'uburambe bw'imiterere y'inganda. Iyo sisitemu z'ubuhanga zananiwe mu turere twitaruye two munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara, ibihano by'amafaranga byo kudakora akazi bihita birengera igabanywa ry'ibiciro mbere y'igihe. Ikiguzi nyacyo kigerwaho gusa iyo ibikoresho bikomeye by'inganda bishobora gukora imirimo ihoraho mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umwuka udahora unaniranye. Mu gushimangira izi shingiro za TCO, abakora bashobora kurinda inyungu zabo ku izamuka ry'ibiciro no kubungabunga ibipimo by'ibiciro kuri toni mu gihe cyose cy'ubuzima bwabo.

Ingamba z'ingenzi zo gukoresha neza inganda no kuramba k'umutungo

Gusuzuma ibipimo by'imikorere y'ibikoresho bigezweho byo gucukura amazi n'amashanyarazi bigaragaza uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora bugabanya ikiguzi cyose cy'umutungo mu bikorwa bitandukanye byo gucukura amazi:

 

a) Ubuziranenge bwa Kinetic na Sisitemu za Pneumatic Zidafite Intege Nto

Mu gucukura imiyoboro y’amazi munsi y’ubutaka no gucukura amabuye y’agaciro, imashini zikoresha umwuka zigomba kwihanganira umunaniro ukabije w’imiterere y’icyuma. Ubuhanga bugezweho bukemura ibi bukoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya ibyuma bunoze n’uburyo bwo gucukura bushobora kwihanganira cyane kugira ngo bubake ibice bidashobora kwangirika no kwaguka k’ubushyuhe. Urugero, moderi zikora neza cyane nka YT28 na YT29A zakozwe hifashishijwe imiyoboro yihariye yo gukwirakwiza umwuka imbere mu kirere ifasha mu kunoza uburinganire bw’ikirere hagati ya piston nini n’uburyo bwo gupima. Mu gutuma kwangirika k’imbere mu cyuma kugabanuka, izi sisitemu zirinda ubushyuhe bw’aho hantu, bifasha gukuraho imiyoboro mito mu nkuta za silindiri. Uku guhagarara neza mu cyuma byemeza ko ibikoresho bishobora guhangana n’imizingo myinshi yo gukuramo ibintu nta gucika intege gutunguranye cyangwa kugabanuka k’umuvuduko w’ingaruka, bigabanura mu buryo butaziguye inshuro zo gusimbuza ibice imbere mu miyoboro.

 

b) Ingaruka nziza ku bushyuhe n'ikoreshwa ry'umwuka

Ikiguzi cyo gukoresha neza gifitanye isano rya bugufi n'ibipimo by'ingufu by'ibigo by'ingenzi bya compressor y'umwuka bikoresha ibikoresho bya pneumatic. Imiterere y'ubuhanga ihanitse igabanya ingufu zikoreshwa mu kugabanya igabanuka ry'umuvuduko w'imbere no kongera uburyo imbaraga za kinetic zinyura mu cyuma cy'igikoresho. Ibikoresho bikomeye byubatswe hakoreshejwe valves za pneumatic zifunze neza kandi bipima neza uburebure bwa stroke, bigahindura umwuka ufunze mo ingufu z'impanuka hamwe n'imyanda mike cyane. Ubu buryo bwiza bwa thermodynamic bivuze ko ibikoresho bifite umuvuduko mwinshi bisaba metero kibe ku munota (CFM) nkeya z'umwuka uva kuri compressor zo hejuru. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibikorwa bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ryabyo rya lisansi cyangwa amashanyarazi kuri metero imwe icukurwa, ibi bikaba birinda kwangirika gukabije ku bikoresho by'ingenzi bya compressor kandi bigatanga uburyo bwo kuzigama ikiguzi cy'ingufu.

 

c) Ubuhanga mu mikorere n'umutekano w'abakoresha mu buryo butandukanye

Ibikoresho byo gucukura inganda bishingiye cyane ku buryo buhamye bwo gupima no guhuza imiterere y’imirongo myinshi kugira ngo bikomeze gukora neza kandi birinde ubuzima bw’umukoresha. Gukoresha imiterere ikomeye y’ikirere ituma imashini ziremereye zihinduranya neza ku buryo buboneye ku miyoboro ihagaze, itambitse, n’iy’inyuma. Iyi nkunga y’imiterere y’inganda yinjiza igice kinini cy’ingufu zikomeye zikomoka mu gihe cyo gucukura hakoreshejwe imbaraga nyinshi, bigagabanya umunaniro n’ihungabana ku mukoresha. Uru rwego rwo kugenzura imikorere y’imashini rubuza gutandukana mu gihe cyo gucukura mu buryo bwimbitse, bigabanya ibyago byo gucukura ibyuma bipfundikiye cyangwa gucika intege vuba. Gukomeza ibikorwa bihamye no guhuza neza bifasha kurinda abakozi mu gihe bakomeza gutera imbere mu buryo buhoraho, kandi butegerejwe mu gihe cyose cyo gucukura.

 

d) Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byabyo

Kwimura ibikoresho neza uhereye ku gice cyo gukoreramo ujya ku gice cyo hejuru biracyari ikibazo gikomeye mu bijyanye no gucukura ibikoresho bito n'ibiciriritse. Uburyo gakondo bwo gutwara ibintu akenshi bushingiye ku mirimo ikoreshwa n'intoki cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutwara ibintu bihumanya ikirere bisaba uburyo bugoye bwo guhumeka mu mwanya ufunze. Gushyira imodoka zitwara ibintu biremereye mu buryo butaziguye mu muhanda wo munsi y'ubutaka bitanga uburyo bwiza cyane. Izi modoka zitwara ibintu biremereye zikoresha uburyo bwa bateri nini n'ibikoresho bitwara ibintu biremereye kugira ngo zijyane amabuye y'agaciro menshi mu misozi miremire nta byuka bihumanya ikirere bihari. Ubu buryo bw'amashanyarazi bukuraho gukenera kuvugurura uburyo bugoye bwo guhumeka mu butaka mu gihe bigabanya ikiguzi cya mazutu, bigatuma uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu buhendutse cyane.

 

Imiterere y'imanza z'imikorere mu mikorere yo gukuramo ibikomoka ku bimera

Gushyira mu bikorwa aya mahame ya tekiniki mu guhitamo ibikoresho bigezweho bigaragaza uburyo ubwubatsi bugezweho bushobora guhindurwa kugira ngo bukore imirimo yihariye kandi isaba imbaraga mu rwego rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Kugira ngo amabuye akoreshwe cyane mu miterere igoye yo munsi y'ubutaka, hagomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora.Umwobo w'amabuye ukoreshwa mu byuma bicukura amabuye hakoreshejwe umuyagacyangwa umuntu ugenda vubaUmwobo wo gucukura amabuye ukoresheje amaguru y'umwuka ya Pneumatic Air Legitanga ingaruka zikenewe mu buryo bwa mekanike kugira ngo inyure mu miterere ikomeye kandi y’amabuye y’agaciro afite ubucucike bwinshi. Ibi bikoresho byihariye bikoresha uburyo bwo gucuranga neza bwa piston n’uburyo bukomeye bwo kuzunguruka kugira ngo bigumane igipimo cyo kwinjira cyane mu gice gikomeye cya granite cyangwa quartz, bitanga igipimo gihoraho cyo kwihuta ndetse no mu gihe cy’ingengabihe nyinshi.

Iyo ibikorwa bigeze ku kugabanya ibikoresho byo mu gace runaka, kuvunika no gusenya inyubako neza, akazi gasaba imbaraga nyinshi kandi zihujwe. Muri ibi bihe, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye bwoImashini ivura indwara z'umuyoboro w'amazicyangwa umuvuduko mwinshiNyundo y'umwukayemerera abakora imirimo gusenya amabuye manini cyane no gukuraho inzitizi za sima ihamye mu buryo bunonosoye cyane. Kugira ngo ahantu habe hato kandi habeho imirimo yo gusenya yoroshye, hakoreshwa uburyo bworoshye bwo gusenyaGutoranya mu mwuka, ikomeyeGutoranya mu kirere bya Pneumaticcyangwa se igikoresho gikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintuGutoranya mu mwukabireba ko abakora bashobora gukora neza mu mashini nto n'ahantu hafunganye aho imashini nini zitashobora gukwira, bigatuma ibikoresho bisukuye kandi byibasiwe bikurwaho.

Uretse urwego rw'ibanze rwo gucukura, kunoza imicungire y'ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo kubitwara ni ingenzi kugira ngo ikiguzi rusange cy'ibikorwa kibe gito.Ubucukuzi bw'amapine atatu y'amashanyaraziImashini ishyirwa mu buryo butaziguye mu ruziga rw'ubwikorezi ituma ibikorwa bitwara imizigo iremereye neza binyuze mu nzira zikomeye zo munsi y'ubutaka no kuzamuka mu misozi miremire. Mu gusimbuza imashini zitwara mazutu zikoresha intoki cyangwa izikoresha mazutu cyane, ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyazo cya lisansi, koroshya kubungabunga imodoka, no gukomeza urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho biva ku maso bijya ku butaka.