Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Mtengo Pa Misika Yaku Africa: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Utumiki Wapamwamba Padziko Lonse wa Zipangizo Zamigodi ku China

Kuti ntchito zonse zogulira migodi ku Africa ziyende bwino, pamafunika kuyang'ana mopitirira muyeso wa mtengo woyamba wa migodi ndikuwunika mosamala mtengo wake.Mtengo Wonse wa Umwini (TCO).M'malo otulutsira zinthu akutali, ndalama zenizeni za makina zimayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimachitika nthawi yayitali: ndalama zoyambira (CapEx), ndalama zopitilira muyeso (OpEx), kuchuluka kwa mafuta kapena magetsi, kupezeka kwa zinthu zosweka m'deralo, komanso kulimba kwa kapangidwe ka alloy. Pamene makina aukadaulo alephera m'madera akutali akum'mwera kwa Sahara, zilango zachuma za nthawi yogwira ntchito zimachotsa mwachangu kuchotsera kulikonse kwapadera. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama kumachitika pokhapokha ngati zida zolemera zamafakitale zimatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso mpweya woipa popanda kulephera nthawi zonse. Mwa kukhazikitsa zinthu zazikuluzikulu za TCO izi, ogwira ntchito amatha kuteteza ndalama zawo ku kukwera kwamitengo ndikusunga miyezo yodziwikiratu ya mtengo pa tani pa moyo wawo wonse wa zomwe akufuna.

Ma Vector Anzeru Othandizira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafakitale ndi Kukhala ndi Chuma Kwautali

Kuwunika momwe ntchito zamachitidwe amakono otulutsa mpweya ndi magetsi zimagwirira ntchito kumavumbula njira zosiyanasiyana zauinjiniya zomwe zimachepetsa mwachindunji mtengo wonse wa umwini pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zotulutsa:

 

a) Kukhulupirika kwa Kinetic ndi Machitidwe a Pneumatic Osalephera Kwambiri

Pakukumba pansi pa nthaka ndi kukumba miyala pamwamba pa nthaka, makina opumira mpweya m'mafakitale ayenera kupirira kutopa kwambiri kwa kapangidwe kake. Mainjiniya amakono olemera amathetsa izi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyeretsera zitsulo komanso njira zopopera zololera kwambiri kuti apange zinthu zomwe zimapulumuka kukangana kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kukula kwa kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri monga YT28 ndi YT29A yapangidwa ndi maukonde apadera ogawa mpweya mkati omwe amapangitsa kuti kayendedwe kake kakhale koyenera pakati pa kukwawa kwa pistoni yolemera ndi njira yolembera. Mwa kusunga kukangana kwamkati kwamakina kotsika, machitidwe awa amaletsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha komwe kumachitika m'malo ena, komwe kumathandiza kuchotsa ming'alu yaying'ono m'makoma a silinda. Kukhazikika kwa makina kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti zidazi zimatha kuthana ndi kuzungulira kwa kutulutsa zinthu zambiri popanda kulephera kosayembekezereka kwa kapangidwe kake kapena kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa mphamvu, kuchepetsa mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa zigawo mkati mwa shafts.

 

b) Mphamvu Yowonjezera Mphamvu ya Thermodynamic ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mpweya

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama zogwirira ntchito kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi miyezo ya mphamvu ya zida zoyambira zopopera mpweya zomwe zimayendetsa zida zopopera mpweya. Mapangidwe apamwamba aukadaulo amachepetsa ndalama zoyendetsera mphamvu mwa kuchepetsa kutsika kwa mphamvu yamkati ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya kinetic kudzera mu chitsulo cha chida. Mayunitsi olemera amamangidwa ndi ma valve otsekedwa bwino a pneumatic komanso kutalika kwa stroke kokonzedwa bwino, kusintha mpweya wopanikizika kukhala mphamvu yokhudza mphamvu yokhala ndi zinyalala zochepa za volumetric. Kuchita bwino kwa thermodynamic kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti zida zothamanga kwambiri zimafuna mpweya wochepa wa cubic feet pamphindi (CFM) kuchokera ku ma compressor apamwamba. Zotsatira zake, ntchito zimatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kapena kufunikira kwa magetsi pa mita imodzi yomwe yabowoledwa, zomwe zimaletsa kuwonongeka kwambiri pa mayunitsi akuluakulu a compressor ndipo zimapereka ndalama zochulukirapo komanso zopitilira muyeso pa ndalama zamagetsi.

 

c) Luso Logwira Ntchito ndi Chitetezo cha Ogwira Ntchito Pamagulu Ambiri

Zipangizo zochotsera zinthu m'mafakitale zimadalira kwambiri kukhazikika kwa ergonomic ndi machitidwe olinganiza zinthu mosiyanasiyana kuti asunge magwiridwe antchito mosalekeza ndikuteteza thanzi la wogwiritsa ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe olimba a miyendo ya mpweya kumalola zobowola zolemera kusintha bwino motsatira ma vector oyima, opingasa, komanso opendekera. Thandizo la kapangidwe kameneka limayamwa gawo lalikulu la kubwerera kwa axial komwe kumachitika panthawi yobowola mwamphamvu kwambiri, kuchepetsa kutopa kwakuthupi ndi kugwedezeka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Mlingo uwu wa kayendetsedwe ka makina umaletsa kusinthasintha kwa kulumikizana panthawi yobowola mozama, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha chitsulo chobowola kapena kulephera kwa bit msanga. Kusunga ntchito kukhala zokhazikika komanso zolumikizana bwino kumathandiza kuteteza ogwira ntchito pamene akusunga kupita patsogolo kokhazikika komanso kodziwikiratu nthawi iliyonse yogwira ntchito.

 

d) Kukonza Zinthu ndi Kusamalira Zinthu Mwamagetsi Mogwirizana

Kusuntha zinthu bwino kuchokera ku malo ogwirira ntchito kupita ku malo okonzera zinthu pamwamba pa nthaka kudakali vuto lalikulu la kayendetsedwe ka zinthu pa ntchito zazing'ono komanso zapakati zochotsa zinthu. Njira zoyendera zachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri zimadalira ntchito zamanja zolimba kapena zoyendera zoyatsira mpweya wambiri zomwe zimafuna njira zovuta zopumira mpweya m'malo otsekedwa. Kuphatikiza magalimoto apadera onyamula magetsi olemera mwachindunji mu ntchito yapansi panthaka kumapereka njira ina yothandiza kwambiri. Magalimoto apadera onyamula magetsi olemerawa amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire amphamvu komanso ma drivetrain amagetsi amphamvu kuti asunthe zinthu zolemera zamchere kudutsa m'malo otsetsereka opanda mpweya woipa. Njira ina yamagetsi iyi imachotsa kufunikira kwa kukweza mpweya woipa pansi pa nthaka pomwe imachepetsa ndalama zogulira mafuta a dizilo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zonyamula katundu zikhale zotsika mtengo kwambiri.

 

Kugawa kwa Milandu Yogwira Ntchito mu Ma Framework Ochotsa Zinthu

Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zaukadaulo izi posankha zida zenizeni kukuwonetsa momwe uinjiniya wamakono ungasinthire ntchito zinazake komanso zovuta mkati mwa gawo la migodi. Kuti miyala ilowe m'malo ovuta pansi pa nthaka, kukhazikitsa njira yogwirira ntchito bwino kwambiri.Pneumatic Rock kubowolakapena wothamangaPneumatic Air Mwendo Rock kubowolaimapereka mphamvu yamakina yofunikira kuti ipyole m'mapangidwe olimba komanso olemera kwambiri a miyala. Zida zapaderazi zimagwiritsa ntchito ma piston strikes olondola komanso njira zozungulira zolimba kuti zisunge kuchuluka kwa kulowa kwa granitic kapena quartz strata, kuonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa patsogolo kumayenda bwino ngakhale panthawi yovuta ya nthawi zambiri.

Pamene ntchito zikupita ku kuchepetsa zinthu m'deralo, kusweka, ndi kugwetsa bwino kapangidwe kake, ntchitoyo imafuna mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yokhazikika. Muzochitika izi, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yapaderaChothyola Pneumatickapena liwiro lalikuluHammer ya Pneumaticzimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuphwanya miyala ikuluikulu ya miyala ndikuchotsa zopinga za konkire yolimba mwaluso kwambiri. Kuti malo akhale ochepa komanso ntchito yochepetsera kugwetsa, gwiritsani ntchito njira yaying'onoKusankha kwa Pneumatic, wolimbaKusankha Mpweya wa Pneumatickapena ergonomicKusankha kwa Pneumatickuonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito amatha kugwira ntchito bwino m'malo opapatiza komanso m'malo opapatiza kumene makina akuluakulu sangagwirizane, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu zoyera komanso zolunjika zichotsedwe.

Kupatula pa ntchito yochotsa zinthu, kukonza kayendetsedwe ka zinthu ndi kayendedwe ka katundu ndikofunikira kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito zikhale zochepa.Kukumba Magalimoto Amagetsi AtatuChida cholumikizira mwachindunji mu mayendedwe chimalola ntchito kusuntha katundu wolemera bwino kudzera m'njira zolimba zapansi panthaka komanso m'malo otsetsereka otsetsereka. Mwa kusintha makina onyamula mafuta ndi dizilo okonzedwa bwino ndi makina amagetsi amphamvu awa, ntchito zofukula migodi zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mafuta, kuchepetsa kukonza magalimoto, komanso kusunga kuyenda bwino kwa zinthu kuchokera pamwamba kupita pamwamba.